Welcome to the first edition of “Marion’s Messages”. Every month I will try to present a topic that is current and include information based on what I find people ask most about. Hopefully you will find these issues helpful and informative.
Facts about Influenza (“the flu”) and the flu vaccine
Influenza viruses cause the contagious respiratory illness known as “the flu”. Symptoms can be mild to severe, and some people are at greater risk for serious complications (young children, elderly people, pregnant women, and those with asthma, diabetes, or heart disease). The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) recommends the yearly flu vaccine as the best way to prevent influenza and that everyone 6 months of age and older should get vaccinated.
Flu viruses spread, for the most part, when a person with the flu coughs, sneezes, or talks. Droplets from the infected individual can land in the mouths or noses of others. Handling an object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own eyes, mouth, or nose can spread flu as well, but not as often. One can spread the flu to someone else beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5-7 days after becoming ill. Symptoms include some or all of the following:
-fever/chills
-cough
-sore throat
-runny/stuffy nose
-muscle/body aches
-headache
-fatigue
-possible vomiting/diarrhea
There are flu tests that a health care provider can do by swiping the inside of your nose or back of your throat to detect influenza viruses. Rapid tests can vary in their detection ability, and even if a negative result comes back, your health care provider may diagnose you with the flu based on symptoms presented and clinical expertise.
Scientific research indicates which 3 flu viruses will be the most prominent during the upcoming season. The 2010 – 2011 seasonal vaccine protects against two viruses as well as the 2009 H1N1 virus.
There are 2 types of flu vaccines:
1). The “flu shot” is an inactivated vaccine, meaning it contains killed virus. The shot is approved for those healthy individuals older than 6 months and those with chronic medical conditions. (Because the viruses in the “shot” are killed, you cannot get the flu from a flu shot. However, some minor side effects may occur such as, soreness/swelling/redness at the site of injection, low grade fever, aches). Rarely does the vaccine cause severe allergic reactions.
2) The nasal spray flu vaccine (Flu-Mist) is made with live, weakened (“attenuated”) flu viruses that do not cause the flu. This form is approved for those healthy individuals from 2 – 49 years of age who are not pregnant. (Side effects of the nasal spray may include fever, runny nose, headache, vomiting, muscle aches, wheezing)
The body produces antibodies to protect against flu virus infection about 2 weeks after vaccination. The flu season peaks in January and beyond, but outbreaks can occur as early as October. Therefore, it is suggested that vaccination should be done as soon as vaccine is available.
Certain individuals should not get a flu vaccine without first consulting with their doctor:
-children less than 6 months old
-people who are severely allergic to chicken eggs
-people who have had a severe reaction to a flu vaccination
-people who are currently sick with a fever
-people who developed Guillam-Barre Syndrome within 6 weeks of getting a flu
vaccination.
If flu-like symptoms occur you should stay home and avoid contact with others except to get medical care (especially young children, those over 65, pregnant women, asthmatics, diabetics, and individuals with heart disease). Emergency medical care is necessary in children if:
-there is fever with a rash
-bluish color to skin
-rapid or trouble breathing
-not waking up or interacting
-being extremely irritable
-shows signs of dehydration (no tears, not drinking, not urinating like normal)
In adults if:
-difficulty breathing
-severe vomiting
-sudden dizziness and confusion
Common sense prevention can also help stop the spread of viruses. Covering your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze and then throwing the tissue away. Washing your hands with soap and water or using an alcohol based hand sanitizer. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth. If you have flu-like symptoms, stay home for at least 24 hours after your fever is gone unless you need to seek medical care.
Antiviral drugs (Tamiflu or Relenza) are available to treat the flu and can shorten the duration of time you are sick by 1 or 2 days, and also make the illness milder. They can also prevent serious flu complications. These drugs generally are not needed for people who do not have severe flu or are not at higher risk for complications. They need to be used within the first 2 days of symptoms and are 70% - 90% effective against susceptible viruses. Other ways to treat symptoms are to drink plenty of water and clear liquids to prevent dehydration. Stay at home and rest. Treat fever, sore throat and cough with over-the-counter medicine. Gargling with salt water (mix 1 cup of warm water with 1 tsp. of salt—gargle and spit out) can help soothe a sore throat. A humidifier will put moisture into the air and help a dry cough. If you do however, get very sick, are pregnant or at higher risk for flu complications, call your doctor.
Take care and be well,
Marion
